The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) said that the crisis in Sudan, now entering its fourth year, continues to worsen due to ongoing fighting, mass displacement of millions, and widespread human rights violations.
The agency reported that around 14 million people have been forced to flee since the outbreak of war in April 2023, including 9 million internally displaced within Sudan and another 4.4 million who have crossed borders into neighboring countries.
It added that violence remains widespread across most parts of Darfur, Kordofan, and Blue Nile State, noting that the recent escalation in aerial bombardments and the use of drones has contributed to increasing displacement.
According to UNHCR, human rights violations persist, including conflict-related sexual violence, forced recruitment, arbitrary arrests, massacres, and other abuses. Civilians face particular risks while trying to reach safer areas, with repeated reports of harassment, violence, and abduction along escape routes.
The agency emphasized that women and girls face heightened risks of sexual violence, exploitation, and abuse, especially while moving through unsafe areas.
It also pointed out that the collapse of healthcare systems, law enforcement, and justice mechanisms has created a widespread climate of impunity. Survivors of sexual violence face significant barriers in reporting incidents and accessing medical, psychological, social, and legal services, further worsening the cycle of abuse and underreporting.
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